Laminar flow defines the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where masses move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. It occurs when the fluid's rate is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid slides smoothly past its concurrent layer without signif

GPS spoofing is becoming a increasing threat to security and safety worldwide. Attackers can manipulate GPS signals to deceive devices into believing they are in a different location, with potentially disastrous consequences. This technology can be used for nefarious purposes such as robbery, kidnapping, and even military operations. The increasing